market,measure,figure,year,source,url
China,Putonghua prevalence rate,80.72%,2020,Ministry of Education / State Language Commission,http://www.moe.gov.cn/fbh/live/2021/53486/sfcl/202106/t20210602_534898.html
China,Putonghua prevalence rate,53.06%,2000,Ministry of Education / State Language Commission,http://www.moe.gov.cn/fbh/live/2021/53486/sfcl/202106/t20210602_534898.html
Taiwan,"Main language used, ROC nationals aged 6+: Mandarin",66.4%,2020,DGBAS 2020 Census Table 4-1,https://ws.dgbas.gov.tw/001/Upload/463/relfile/11064/230649/b2ae65e2-86fe-416a-b02c-8376e1f4f73d.pdf
Taiwan,"Main language used, ROC nationals aged 6+: Hokkien",31.7%,2020,DGBAS 2020 Census Table 4-1,https://ws.dgbas.gov.tw/001/Upload/463/relfile/11064/230649/b2ae65e2-86fe-416a-b02c-8376e1f4f73d.pdf
Taiwan,Main or secondary language: Mandarin,96.8%,2020,DGBAS 2020 Census Table 4-1,https://ws.dgbas.gov.tw/001/Upload/463/relfile/11064/230649/b2ae65e2-86fe-416a-b02c-8376e1f4f73d.pdf
Taiwan,Main or secondary language: Hokkien,86.0%,2020,DGBAS 2020 Census Table 4-1,https://ws.dgbas.gov.tw/001/Upload/463/relfile/11064/230649/b2ae65e2-86fe-416a-b02c-8376e1f4f73d.pdf
Philippines,"Language generally spoken at home, share of households: Tagalog",39.9%,2020,Philippine Statistics Authority,https://psa.gov.ph/content/tagalog-most-widely-spoken-language-home-2020-census-population-and-housing
Thailand,Language usually spoken in household: Thai only,90.7%,2010,National Statistical Office Table 7,https://www.nso.go.th/nsoweb/storage/title_presentation/2023/20230512163226_54316.pdf
Cambodia,Mother tongue: Khmer,95.8%,2019,National Institute of Statistics Table 2.7.1,https://cambodia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/final_general_population_census_2019-english_1.pdf
Timor-Leste,"Can speak, read and write Tetun, aged 5+",62.5%,2015,"General Directorate of Statistics, Census 2015 Vol. 11",https://timor-leste.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Education%20Monograph%20250418_0.pdf
Singapore,"English most frequently spoken at home, aged 5+",58.1%,2025,"Department of Statistics Singapore, General Household Survey 2025",https://www.singstat.gov.sg/publication-resources/general-household-survey-2025-literacy-and-home-language
Singapore,"Mandarin most frequently spoken at home, aged 5+",26.6%,2025,"Department of Statistics Singapore, General Household Survey 2025",https://www.singstat.gov.sg/publication-resources/general-household-survey-2025-literacy-and-home-language
Singapore,"Chinese dialects most frequently spoken at home, aged 5+",4.9%,2025,"Department of Statistics Singapore, General Household Survey 2025",https://www.singstat.gov.sg/publication-resources/general-household-survey-2025-literacy-and-home-language
Singapore,"Malay most frequently spoken at home, aged 5+",7.0%,2025,"Department of Statistics Singapore, General Household Survey 2025",https://www.singstat.gov.sg/publication-resources/general-household-survey-2025-literacy-and-home-language
Singapore,"Tamil most frequently spoken at home, aged 5+",2.2%,2025,"Department of Statistics Singapore, General Household Survey 2025",https://www.singstat.gov.sg/publication-resources/general-household-survey-2025-literacy-and-home-language
Singapore,"English most frequently spoken at home, aged 5+",48.3%,2020,Department of Statistics Singapore,https://www.singstat.gov.sg/publication-resources/singapore-census-of-population-2020-statistical-release-1-demographic-characteristics-education-language-and-religion
Singapore,"English most frequently spoken at home, aged 5+",32.3%,2010,Department of Statistics Singapore,https://www.singstat.gov.sg/publication-resources/singapore-census-of-population-2020-statistical-release-1-demographic-characteristics-education-language-and-religion
Hong Kong,Usual spoken language: Cantonese,88.2%,2021,Hong Kong 2021 Population Census,https://www.census2021.gov.hk/en/main_tables.html
India,Population reporting Hindi as mother tongue,43.63%,2011,Census of India,https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables
Indonesia,Regional languages,718,,Badan Bahasa,https://petabahasa.kemendikdasmen.go.id/
Myanmar,Living indigenous languages (Ethnologue 29th ed.),115,2026,Ethnologue,https://www.ethnologue.com/country/MM/
Malaysia,Living indigenous languages (Ethnologue 29th ed.),111,2026,Ethnologue,https://www.ethnologue.com/country/MY/
Vietnam,Living indigenous languages (Ethnologue 29th ed.),96,2026,Ethnologue,https://www.ethnologue.com/country/VN/
Laos,Living indigenous languages (Ethnologue 29th ed.),73,2026,Ethnologue,https://www.ethnologue.com/country/LA/
Thailand,Living indigenous languages (Ethnologue 29th ed.),52,2026,Ethnologue,https://www.ethnologue.com/country/TH/
Cambodia,Living indigenous languages (Ethnologue 29th ed.),22,2026,Ethnologue,https://www.ethnologue.com/country/KH/
Timor-Leste,Living indigenous languages (Ethnologue 29th ed.),20,2026,Ethnologue,https://www.ethnologue.com/country/TL/
Japan,Living indigenous languages (Ethnologue 29th ed.),16,2026,Ethnologue,https://www.ethnologue.com/country/JP/
Brunei,Living indigenous languages (Ethnologue 29th ed.),7,2026,Ethnologue,https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BN/
Myanmar,Established non-indigenous languages (Ethnologue 29th ed.),16,2026,Ethnologue,https://www.ethnologue.com/country/MM/
Malaysia,Established non-indigenous languages (Ethnologue 29th ed.),21,2026,Ethnologue,https://www.ethnologue.com/country/MY/
Vietnam,Established non-indigenous languages (Ethnologue 29th ed.),15,2026,Ethnologue,https://www.ethnologue.com/country/VN/
Laos,Established non-indigenous languages (Ethnologue 29th ed.),13,2026,Ethnologue,https://www.ethnologue.com/country/LA/
Thailand,Established non-indigenous languages (Ethnologue 29th ed.),27,2026,Ethnologue,https://www.ethnologue.com/country/TH/
Cambodia,Established non-indigenous languages (Ethnologue 29th ed.),9,2026,Ethnologue,https://www.ethnologue.com/country/KH/
Timor-Leste,Established non-indigenous languages (Ethnologue 29th ed.),2,2026,Ethnologue,https://www.ethnologue.com/country/TL/
Japan,Established non-indigenous languages (Ethnologue 29th ed.),5,2026,Ethnologue,https://www.ethnologue.com/country/JP/
Brunei,Established non-indigenous languages (Ethnologue 29th ed.),10,2026,Ethnologue,https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BN/